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Invited Speakers
1) Prof. Dr. Yunus Ali ÇENGEL (Adnan Menderes University)
Yunus Çengel is the founding dean of the Faculty of Engineering at Adnan Menderes University in Aydin, Turkey, and Professor Emeritus at the University of Nevada, Reno, USA. He received his Ph. D. in Mechanical Engineering from North Carolina State University in USA. Before joining ADU in 2012, he served as the Dean of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at Yildiz Technical University YTU and as Advisor to President at Scientific and Technological Research Council TUBITAK on international cooperation. Prior to returning Turkey, he served as a faculty member at the University of Nevada, Reno UNR for 18 years and as the director of the Industrial Assessment Center at UNR for several years. He also served as the advisor to several government organizations and private companies on energy efficiency, energy policies, and education reform.
Fossil fuels are supplying the energy needed for industrial development and a high standard of living in the world since 1700s. But this is not done without the undesirable side effects. The conversion of fossil fuels into thermal energy through combustion affects adversely the environment and the air we are breathing. The emissions of combustion products into the environment causes air pollution, acid rain and global climate change. The environmental pollution has reached the levels to pose a serious threat to plant life, natural habitat and the human health. Therefore, transition to non-fossil fuels is unavoidable, and energy policies are devised to transition to low-carbon economies. As a natural outcome, the developments in energy technologies are focused on carbon-free energy areas in line with these policies.
A new process has started towards the carbon-free goal at global scale with the Paris Agreement signed in Paris on December 12, 2015. The goal of the agreement is to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels by the end of this century or year 2100, and pursuing efforts to limit this temperature increase to just 1.5°C. As of 5 October 2016, 79 Parties (out of 197) have ratified the agreement. This way, the requirement of at least 55 Parties to the Convention accounting in total for at least an estimated 55 per cent of the total global greenhouse gas emissions ratify this agreement is satisfied. The Paris Agreement entered into force on 4 November 2016 and it will take the place of the Kyoto Protocol in 2020. Starting in 2023, the declaration of countries will be reviewed every 5 years.
The construction of the first commercially successful steam engine by Thomas Newcomen in 1712 (patented in 1698 by Thomas Savory) marked the beginning of the switch from manual labour to machine power. It started the process of industrial and scientific revolutions in the world. This process is also the process of the development of energy technologies. The invention in 1775 of James Watt’s efficient steam engine that reduced the coal use to one quarter accelerated the change. With the demonstration of a steam locomotive by Robert Trevithick in 1801, the electro-magnetic rotation used in electric motor by Michael Faraday in 1821, and the gasoline engine by Etienne Lenoir in 1859, industrialization was on its way to infuse all segments of society.
Scientific research and technological developments today continue to increase at an accelerated pace, and the global R&D expenditures has reached $2 trillion in 2016. The OECD countries spend about 2.5% of their GDP on R&D activities, and this ratio is over 4% in South Korea. The European Union set aside about 80 billion euros for the 7-year long (2014-2020) Horizon 2020 program, which is the largest Research and Innovation program of the world.
The developments in energy technologies involves a wide range from increasing energy efficiency to developing commercial nuclear power plants that operate on fusion technology. The European Commission intends to develop nuclear fusion as an energy source by 2020 with a 1 billion Euro initiative. In 2016, researchers at Max Planck Institute obtained hydrogen plasma at 80 million degrees on the Wendelstein 7-X fusion device. In the US, Lockheed Martin is hoping to build a fusion reactor small enough to fit on the back of a truck by 2025. Work on developing small modular nuclear reactors operating on fission technology continues.
The most forefront developments in energy technologies are the research and innovation efforts in the renewable energy category towards the goal of slowing down the global climate change and transitioning to carbon-free energy. The developments in artificial leaves generates considerable excitement because of the potential of converting solar energy into chemical energy by consuming the carbon dioxide in the air. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and the California Institute of Technology are leading the work on artificial leaves which is sponsored by the US Department of Energy with a budget of $122 million.
The developments in PV Technologies and the reductions in cost, continues to accelerate the new installations of PV. The global total installed PV capacity has reached 303 GW at the end of 2016. Considering that the total PV installed power in 2005 was only 5 GW and it increased 60 folds in 11 years, the widespread use of PV can be better appreciated. The new installed PV capacity in 2016 alone was 75 GW.
Significant improvements are recorded in PV efficiencies in recent years. Silicon based PVs with an efficiency of over 24% at module level are developed. Considering that the efficiencies of currently installed PV systems are about 16%, this means 50% more electricity production for the same solar input. At the same time, there have been serious improvements in thin film technologies, and new records are observed in efficiencies in recent years. For example, systems at commercial level with an efficiency of over 16% are developed, and thus the standard silicon based PV efficiency has been reached for mass production.
With all these developments, costs continued to decline in both renewable energy and energy efficiency. As can be seen from Fig. 1, for example, the cost of LED lighting has dropped by 95% relative to 2008 levels. According to the US Department of Energy data, this cost reduction has been 64% in PVs and 41% in wind turbines.
Yunus Çengel is the founding dean of the Faculty of Engineering at Adnan Menderes University in Aydin, Turkey, and Professor Emeritus at the University of Nevada, Reno, USA. He received his Ph. D. in Mechanical Engineering from North Carolina State University in USA. Before joining ADU in 2012, he served as the Dean of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at Yildiz Technical University YTU and as Advisor to President at Scientific and Technological Research Council TUBITAK on international cooperation. Prior to returning Turkey, he served as a faculty member at the University of Nevada, Reno UNR for 18 years and as the director of the Industrial Assessment Center at UNR for several years. He also served as the advisor to several government organizations and private companies on energy efficiency, energy policies, and education reform.
Professor Çengel is the author or coauthor of the widely adopted textbooks Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, Fundamentals of Thermal-Fluid Sciences, Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications, Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, Introduction to Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer, and Differential Equations for Scientists and Engineers all published by McGraw-Hill. Some of his textbooks have been translated into Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Thai, Spanish, Portuguese, Turkish, Italian, Greek, and French.
He is the recipient of several outstanding teacher awards, and he has received the ASEE Meriam/Wiley Distinguished Author Award twice. He is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Nevada, USA.
Title of Speech: New Developments in Energy Technologies
Abstract
The World meets its energy needs mostly from the fossil fuels that consist of coal, oil and natural gas that are non-renewable, unfriendly to the environment and causes climate change. In 2014, fossil fuels accounted for 81% (29% coal + 31% oil + 21% natural gas) of the total energy use and 67% (41% coal + 4% oil + 22% natural gas) of total electricity generation in the world. Renewable energy (including hydroelectric power), which is environmentally friendly and can be harvested indefinitely, was responsible for 14% of the total energy use and 23% (it was 18% in 2005) of electricity generation globally. Nuclear power supplied the remaining 5% of the total energy use and 11% of electricity generation. The share of fossil fuel in total energy use dropped from 86% in 1971 to 81% in 2014, which is still very high.
Fossil fuels are supplying the energy needed for industrial development and a high standard of living in the world since 1700s. But this is not done without the undesirable side effects. The conversion of fossil fuels into thermal energy through combustion affects adversely the environment and the air we are breathing. The emissions of combustion products into the environment causes air pollution, acid rain and global climate change. The environmental pollution has reached the levels to pose a serious threat to plant life, natural habitat and the human health. Therefore, transition to non-fossil fuels is unavoidable, and energy policies are devised to transition to low-carbon economies. As a natural outcome, the developments in energy technologies are focused on carbon-free energy areas in line with these policies.
A new process has started towards the carbon-free goal at global scale with the Paris Agreement signed in Paris on December 12, 2015. The goal of the agreement is to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels by the end of this century or year 2100, and pursuing efforts to limit this temperature increase to just 1.5°C. As of 5 October 2016, 79 Parties (out of 197) have ratified the agreement. This way, the requirement of at least 55 Parties to the Convention accounting in total for at least an estimated 55 per cent of the total global greenhouse gas emissions ratify this agreement is satisfied. The Paris Agreement entered into force on 4 November 2016 and it will take the place of the Kyoto Protocol in 2020. Starting in 2023, the declaration of countries will be reviewed every 5 years.
The European Union climate and energy framework set 3 key targets for the year 2030: 1. At least 40% cut in greenhouse gas emissions (from 1990 levels), 2. At least 27% share for renewable energy and 3. At least 27% improvement in energy efficiency. The long-term objective is to cut emissions by 80-95% by 2050. The anticipated benefits are projected to be as follows: 1. Ensuring affordable energy for all consumers, 2. Increasing the security of the EU's energy supplies, 3. Reducing EU’s dependence on energy imports, and 4. Creating new opportunities for growth and jobs. It also brings environmental and health benefits through reduced air pollution.
The construction of the first commercially successful steam engine by Thomas Newcomen in 1712 (patented in 1698 by Thomas Savory) marked the beginning of the switch from manual labour to machine power. It started the process of industrial and scientific revolutions in the world. This process is also the process of the development of energy technologies. The invention in 1775 of James Watt’s efficient steam engine that reduced the coal use to one quarter accelerated the change. With the demonstration of a steam locomotive by Robert Trevithick in 1801, the electro-magnetic rotation used in electric motor by Michael Faraday in 1821, and the gasoline engine by Etienne Lenoir in 1859, industrialization was on its way to infuse all segments of society.
Scientific research and technological developments today continue to increase at an accelerated pace, and the global R&D expenditures has reached $2 trillion in 2016. The OECD countries spend about 2.5% of their GDP on R&D activities, and this ratio is over 4% in South Korea. The European Union set aside about 80 billion euros for the 7-year long (2014-2020) Horizon 2020 program, which is the largest Research and Innovation program of the world.
The developments in energy technologies involves a wide range from increasing energy efficiency to developing commercial nuclear power plants that operate on fusion technology. The European Commission intends to develop nuclear fusion as an energy source by 2020 with a 1 billion Euro initiative. In 2016, researchers at Max Planck Institute obtained hydrogen plasma at 80 million degrees on the Wendelstein 7-X fusion device. In the US, Lockheed Martin is hoping to build a fusion reactor small enough to fit on the back of a truck by 2025. Work on developing small modular nuclear reactors operating on fission technology continues.
The most forefront developments in energy technologies are the research and innovation efforts in the renewable energy category towards the goal of slowing down the global climate change and transitioning to carbon-free energy. The developments in artificial leaves generates considerable excitement because of the potential of converting solar energy into chemical energy by consuming the carbon dioxide in the air. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and the California Institute of Technology are leading the work on artificial leaves which is sponsored by the US Department of Energy with a budget of $122 million.
The developments in PV Technologies and the reductions in cost, continues to accelerate the new installations of PV. The global total installed PV capacity has reached 303 GW at the end of 2016. Considering that the total PV installed power in 2005 was only 5 GW and it increased 60 folds in 11 years, the widespread use of PV can be better appreciated. The new installed PV capacity in 2016 alone was 75 GW.
Significant improvements are recorded in PV efficiencies in recent years. Silicon based PVs with an efficiency of over 24% at module level are developed. Considering that the efficiencies of currently installed PV systems are about 16%, this means 50% more electricity production for the same solar input. At the same time, there have been serious improvements in thin film technologies, and new records are observed in efficiencies in recent years. For example, systems at commercial level with an efficiency of over 16% are developed, and thus the standard silicon based PV efficiency has been reached for mass production.
With all these developments, costs continued to decline in both renewable energy and energy efficiency. As can be seen from Fig. 1, for example, the cost of LED lighting has dropped by 95% relative to 2008 levels. According to the US Department of Energy data, this cost reduction has been 64% in PVs and 41% in wind turbines.
The steadily increasing demand for the electric cars and the desire of automotive manufacturers to maintain a competitive edge in this area has accelerated the efforts in developing battery technologies. In addition to Tesla, which is one the pioneers in this area, several automotive manufacturers continue their multi-billion dollar R&D programs. There are similar developments for hydrogen cars, and several companies have already introduced their first hydrogen cars in selected markets. This shows that R&D in fuel cells will continue to intensify.
The energy consumption of a vehicle is proportional to its weight, and one of the most effective ways of driving longer distances with the same amount of fuel is to reduce the weight of the vehicle. This necessitates reducing the battery weight for the same amount of charge in electric vehicles. Acting upon this principle, the US Department of Energy launched Battery500 project, with a 5-year term and $50 million budget, in a consortium led by PNNL (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory), including five national laboratories and 5 universities, with Tesla Motors and IBM in the advisory board. The objective of the project is to increase the specific energy per kilogram of the battery from the current value of 170-200 Wh/kg to the value of 500 Wh/kg; that is, to almost triple it, and, to enable the production of smaller, lighter and cheaper (under $100/kWh) battery packs. In a parallel work, with a similar consortium with broad based participation, a 350-kW direct current fast-charge project that will enable the battery with 360-km range to be charged fully in less than 10 minutes continues.
2) Prof. Dr. Sadık KAKAÇ (TOBB University of Economics and Technology)
Prof. Kakaç graduated from the Technical University of Istanbul 1950, then he went to MIT under a scholarship to study Nuclear Engineering; he received his SM in Mechanical Engineering in 1959 and his SM in Nuclear Engineering in 1960, both from MIT. In 1965, he received his Ph.D. from the Victoria University of Manchester, UK.
Prof. Kakaç started his academic life in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the Middle East Technical University,METU (1960); he then became associate Prof. (1965) and Prof. (1970); he served different governmental and research positions; he was elected as a member of the Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council (NSF) (1972-1980) and appointed as the Secretary General of the Turkish Atomic Energy Commission (1978-1980), representing Turkey in a number of scientific endeavors abroad as a member of NATO Science Committee (1979-1980), the OECD NEA Steering Committee(1978-1980). He served as the Chairman of the Mechanical engineering at METU (1976-1978), and then he was invited as a visiting Professor to the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Miami (1980-1982), and in 1982, he was appointed as a full Prof. of mechanical engineering with tenure. He served as the Chairman of the Department (1990-1998). He was a research Prof. in the prestigious chair of the Thermodinamics A at the Technical University of Munich as Alexander von Humboldt research fellow.
Dr. Kakac has received many international recognitions:
1-Alexander von Humboldt Senior distinguished US Scientist Award for his outstanding contributions on heat transfer and two-phase flow was bestowed to him in 1989,
2-Science Award, from the Association of Turkish-American Scientists in1994,
3-ASME Heat Transfer Memorial Award in 1997; because of his contributions to research and education through his research work and books,
4-Dr. Kakaç received distinguished service awards from the Turkish NSF (TÜBİTAK)(2000),
5-And from the Middle East Technical University (METU) (1998
6-Leadership Award (iNEER) in International Engineering Education and Research (2012)
7-Lifetime Achievement Award from ASME (2013)
8-Honorary Membership Award of int. ASME (2013-her sene uluslarası 4 bilim adamı)
9-ASME Heat Transfer, 75th Anniversary Medal (2013)
10-A.V. Luikov Medal (2014) in the recognition of his outstanding contributions in the science and art of Heat and Mass Transfer.
Dr. Kakac received the Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of Ovidius, Romania (1998), the University of Reims, France (1999), and Odessa State Academy of refrigeration (2007).
11- Lifetime Achievement Award, TOBB-ETÜ (2010)
11- Lifetime Achievement Award, TOBB-ETÜ (2010)
He is the author or co- author of very popular text books of Convective Heat Transfer, Heat Conduction and Thermal Design of Heat Exchangers; he edited fourteen volumes in the field of thermal sciences and heat exchanger fundamentals and design, including the Handbook of Single –Phase Convective Heat Transfer which all became permanent reference books in the field.
Title of Speech: The Present and the Future of Nuclear Power Reactors - Situation in Turkey
3) Dr. Qurat-ul-ain JAVED (National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad, Pakistan)
Title of Speech: The Present and the Future of Nuclear Power Reactors - Situation in Turkey
3) Dr. Qurat-ul-ain JAVED (National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad, Pakistan)
EDUCATION
Ph. D.: Condensed Matter Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing China (2013, President Gold Medalist)
M.Sc.: Physics, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan (2009, Gold Medalist)
AWARDS AND DISTINCTIONS
- Excellent PhD scholar award:
Obtained (two times consecutive) the excellent PhD scholar award amongst all foreigners in the University of Science and Technology Beijing (sessions 2010-2011 & 2011-2012).
- Presidential Gold-Medalist in Ph.D. (2013).
- Gold-Medalist in MSc Physics (2009).
- President of Science Society Islamabad, Pakistan (2006).
- President of NSSU,USTB China(2010-2013)
- Senior Foreigner’s Representative(2010-2013)
EXPERTISE
Experimental Condensed Matter Physics.
- Fabrications of Conspicuous nanostructured Materials.
- Characterization Techniques: XRD, SEM, TG-DTA, Surface and pore Analyses, TEM. HRTEM, SAED, UV-visible spectroscopy, Fluorescence spectroscopy and Vibrating Scale Magnetometer.
- Solar Cells, IR detectors, Fuel cells, Solar fuels, Spintronics, DMS, Lithium ion Batteries, LEDs and opto-megnatic Sensors.
- Experimental physics labs management, student management, curriculum development, and teachers training.
ACHIEVEMENTS
- Merit certificate
- Awarded Presidential Gold Medal and merit certificate for the outstanding performance in Condensed Matter Physics in PhD, University of Science and Technology Beijing, session 2010-2013.
- Excellent PhD scholar award:
- Obtained (two times consecutive) the excellent PhD scholar award amongst all foreigners in the University of Science and Technology Beijing (sessions 2010-2011 & 2011-2012).
- Merit certificate
- Awarded Gold Medal and merit certificate for the first position in Physics in M.Sc, Hazara University Mansehra, session 2007-2009.
- PhD scholarships
- Awarded PhD scholarships for USTB (University of Science and Technology Beijing) “by CSC China (June 2010)” and by HEC Pakistan.
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President of Science Society: Awarded certification (in 2006) for being the President of Science Society (Bio, Statistics, Mathematics, Computer science, Physics and Chemistry) - FG College for women G-10 /4 Islam.
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Taught O & A Level Physics courses at Guidance School systems, period from 12/2009 to 08/2010.
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Completed projects from 2013-2016
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Synthesis, characterizations and application of β-AgVO2 nanostructures
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Synthesis of Copper Based Nanostructures for Proficient Application
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Synthesis of ZnO and C-doped ZnO Nanowires for future spintronics Applications.
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Synthesis, Characterization and properties of Zinc Selenide based structures for quantumdots/ LEDS.
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Fabrication, Characterization and Properties of GO, r GO, PANI and GO/PANI Nanocomposites for supercapacitors/NEMS.
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Study of structural, Optical, Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of Copper Oxide based Nanocomposites for Fuel cells/solar-cells.
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Title of Speech: Fabrication of TMO (Transition Metal Oxides) based Conspicuous Nanomaterials for renewable energy Devices
4) Tamer AKASLAN (Gazdaş Trakya Regional Director)
Tamer Akaslan graduated from the Department of Survey Engineering in İstanbul Technical University, in 1993. He started his career at Sae International as a survey engineer and he was a project director at the same company from 1995 to 1998. He worked in different possesions as survey chief engineer, survey and design engineer and study project manager, from 1998 to 2007 at İzgaz. Between 2007 and 2008, he was a deputy manager at UzFederalGaz. Akaslan joined in Zorlu Energy Group in 2008 as Trakya Region Manager.
Tamer Akaslan has been working in Zorlu Energy Group as "Trakya Region Manager" since 1th of April 2017.
Title of Speech: Energy Efficiency, Saving and Management
5) Prof. Dr. Frano BARBIR
Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering, University of Miami, 1992
Research Areas:
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells: testing and characterization, operating conditions, thermal effects on cell and stack level, flow field configuration, stack configuration and design, applications Hydrogen energy system.
Professor
Head of Laboratory for new thermo-energy technologies
Chair for Thermodynamics, Thermotechnics and Heat Engines
Department of mechanical engineering and naval architecture
R. Boskovica bb,
21000 Split, Croatia
Tel. +385-21-305-953;
Mob. +90-533-394-6033;
E-mail: fbarbir@fesb.hr
Workshop Konusu: Applied Hydrogen Technologies
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